Bài tập Nguyên lý kế toán bằng tiếng Anh

Chắc chắn rằng nếu bạn đang đọc bài viết này, bạn đã từng phải đối mặt với môn học thách thức – Nguyên lý kế toán. Bài tập Nguyên lý kế toán bằng tiếng Anh không phải lúc nào cũng dễ dàng, nhưng nó lại là một phần quan trọng trong hành trình của sinh viên kế toán. Hãy cùng Công ty Kế toán Kiểm toán Thuế ACC khám phá bí quyết để thành công trong bài tập này!

Exercise 1

On January 1, 2023, ABC Company was established with an initial investment of $100,000 cash. During the month of January, the company completed the following transactions:

• January 2: Purchased equipment for $50,000 cash.
• January 3: Purchased inventory for $20,000 on credit.
• January 5: Sold inventory for $30,000 cash.
• January 10: Paid for the inventory purchased on January 3.
• January 15: Received payment for the sale made on January 5.

Instructions

1. Prepare journal entries for the above transactions.
2. Post the journal entries to the ledger accounts.
3. Prepare a trial balance as of January 31, 2023.

Solution

Journal Entries

Date	Account	Debit	Credit
January 2	Equipment	50,000	Cash
January 3	Inventory	20,000	Accounts Payable
January 5	Cash	30,000	Sales
January 10	Accounts Payable	20,000	Cash
January 15	Accounts Receivable	30,000	Cash

Ledger Accounts

Account	Debit	Credit
Cash	50,000	20,000
Equipment	50,000	–
Accounts Payable	20,000	20,000
Inventory	–	20,000
Sales	30,000	–
Accounts Receivable	–	30,000

Trial Balance

Account	Debit	Credit
Cash	70,000
Equipment	50,000
Accounts Payable	0
Inventory	20,000
Sales	30,000
Accounts Receivable	30,000
Total	170,000	170,000

Answer

The journal entries, ledger accounts, and trial balance are shown above. The trial balance shows that the total debits equal the total credits, which is a necessary condition for a balanced set of books.

Additional Notes

• The company’s assets increased by $70,000 during the month of January. This increase was due to the initial investment of $100,000 and the purchase of equipment for $50,000.
• The company’s liabilities increased by $20,000 during the month of January. This increase was due to the purchase of inventory on credit.
• The company’s equity increased by $50,000 during the month of January. This increase was due to the initial investment of $100,000 and the net income of $30,000.

Exercise 2

Solve the following questions to practice basic accounting principles:

1. What is the basic accounting equation, and how does it relate to the balance sheet?
2. Define assets, liabilities, and equity. Provide examples of each.
3. Explain the accrual basis of accounting and the cash basis of accounting. What are the main differences between them?
4. Describe the double-entry accounting system and provide an example of a journal entry using this system.
5. What is the purpose of the trial balance, and how does it help ensure accuracy in financial statements?

Exercise 3

Company Name: XYZ Corporation

Balance Sheet as of December 31, 20XX

Assets:

• Cash: $50,000
• Accounts Receivable: $30,000
• Inventory: $20,000
• Property, Plant, and Equipment: $100,000

Liabilities:

• Accounts Payable: $15,000
• Short-term Loans: $10,000
• Long-term Loans: $50,000

Equity:

• Common Stock: $40,000
• Retained Earnings: $35,000

Now, please answer the following questions based on the provided balance sheet:

1. Calculate the total assets, total liabilities, and total equity for XYZ Corporation.
2. What is the company’s working capital, and is it positive or negative?
3. Calculate the current ratio for the company, and provide an interpretation of the result.
4. Calculate the debt-to-equity ratio for the company, and provide an interpretation of the result.
5. What is the net income or loss for the company if the beginning Retained Earnings were $30,000?

Exercise 4:

In Đà Nẵng, there are the following documents: (Unit: 1,000 VND).

a – Opening balances of accounts:

• Cash account: 20,000
• Short-term loan account: 100,000
• Bank deposit account: 200,000
• Accounts payable to suppliers: 70,000
• Accounts receivable from customers: 20,000
• Long-term loan account: 200,000
• Raw material account: 100,000
• Business capital account: 300,000
• Tangible fixed assets account: 350,000
• Accounts payable to employees: 20,000

b – Additional tasks during the period:

Warehouse withdrawal of raw materials for the production of 20,000 products, used for production floor management 2,000. Wages to be paid to production workers for the products: 35,000, production floor management 5,000. Deductions based on wages are deducted according to the prescribed ratio (knowing that the ratios between basic salary and productivity are 1:4). Depreciation of fixed assets used for production: 000. External purchase of electricity and water costs: 2,100 (including 5% VAT) already paid to the seller via bank transfer. Transfer of expenses. Goods received into the warehouse, knowing that the value of the semi-finished products at the end of the period is 5,000. Requirements:

Record the economic transactions. Reflect in the accounting accounts. Prepare a trial balance.

Solution:

1. Warehouse withdrawal of raw materials for the production of 20,000 products, used for production floor management 2,000.

Debit Account 621: 20,000

Debit Account 627: 2,000

2. Wages to be paid to production workers for the products: 35,000, production floor management 5,000.

Debit Account 622: 35,000

Debit Account 627: 5,000

This is just one example of a possible Nguyên lý kế toán bài tập. The difficulty of the bài tập can be adjusted by changing the numbers involved and the complexity of the transactions. Trong bài tập này, chúng ta đã tìm hiểu về những nguyên lý quan trọng của Kế toán và cách chúng được áp dụng trong thực tế kinh doanh. Chúng ta đã xem xét khái niệm về tính xác thực, tính thống nhất và tính hiểu lý, cũng như sự quan trọng của nguyên tắc cắt cổ phần.